China is currently engaged in a
massive effort to control their energy consumption to promote the rapid growth
of its economy. Policies and programs that China introduced are necessarily
unique given the challenge faced, and unique approaches are developed to
implement these policies and programs in the country's economy.
Not only the scope of the energy efficiency efforts of China distinguishes. Within the framework of a mixed economy, called "socialism with Chinese characteristics," the government has considerable authority to change the allocation of savings resources to sectors and energy-efficient products. The vertical integration of government agencies means that the central government, which are responsible for the definition of energy efficiency policies are also present at the local level to monitor the implementation. Pre-existing lines of communication, responsibility and accountability can be directed to energy efficiency targets. The first impression is that it is an ideal environment to make rapid progress in improving energy efficiency.
Not only the scope of the energy efficiency efforts of China distinguishes. Within the framework of a mixed economy, called "socialism with Chinese characteristics," the government has considerable authority to change the allocation of savings resources to sectors and energy-efficient products. The vertical integration of government agencies means that the central government, which are responsible for the definition of energy efficiency policies are also present at the local level to monitor the implementation. Pre-existing lines of communication, responsibility and accountability can be directed to energy efficiency targets. The first impression is that it is an ideal environment to make rapid progress in improving energy efficiency.
China is an economy in transition, both planned and
market-oriented, and is developing rapidly. The evaluations of the energy efficiency
of China's national policies do not capture the variation found in these areas
of energy efficiency in China.
"Wealth is unequally distributed between the different provinces of China, slices of per capita income from only CNY10,000 in Gansu for almost CNY66,000 in Shanghai, China is the largest energy producer in the world and the second largest consumer of energy (IEA 2008). ".
In special economic zones, industries are paying the price of the energy market, but most energy prices in China's retail remain subsidized. According to a recent study, a province released construction data on the use of specific energy for 526 public buildings, but to obtain data on the use of reliable energy for many other provinces remains difficult. To meet the energy efficiency targets of the central government, the implementation of energy efficiency policies in China should be successful in all these parameters.
Growing experience of China in the implementation of energy efficiency policies brings lessons to many observers. Other transition economies can benefit from the combination of approaches that China is developing; even within China itself, a province can learn from the experience of others. Energy companies must understand the depth and extent of energy efficiency programs as to assess the impact of the development of China on international energy markets and understand the great potential market for energy products and effective services. And certainly those who want to understand China's commitment to mitigate environmental impacts of development must include the many, varied geographies of energy efficiency in China.
China has a long history of pursuing energy efficiency and conservation. Now, having recognized the threat to energy security, sustainable economic growth and the environment is represented by the rapid growth in energy demand, China has placed energy efficiency and conservation of its highest priority energy strategy. Leadership and observers around the world from China are waiting to see if national policies for energy efficiency and conservation can reduce the rate of the energy economy of this industrial growth rapidly.
The Chinese leadership has recognized two imminent obstacles to achieving this goal, the intensive development of the energy. This major change in the national energy policy of China is first implemented by the universal adoption support, binding targets for energy intensity of the province. In recent years, made a series of attempts to reorganize the national energy agencies, in order to clarify and consolidate the responsibility for energy policy. The National Commission for Development and Reform remains the key monitoring body for the implementation of energy efficiency and conservation in the 11th Five Year Plan. China is vast and diverse in many measures and in particular in terms of energy efficiency. One unique approach does not respond geographical distinct energy efficiency in China, and increasing the diversity of approaches is promising.
In the energy sector, the rate of heat from power plants and transmission losses and the distribution line, focus on key indicators such as energy efficiency. The effectiveness of small thermal power units is much lower than that of the large, more than 600 MW of high-efficiency units that China has recently deployed. The current policy aims to improve the overall efficiency of the energy sector, the closure of small and aging plants. When working with national production and network companies to improve the efficiency of the supply side, the government also encouraged local governments to develop cogeneration, what a great project in Beijing showed to provide a high performance system.
Industry iron and steel in China is far the most important and accounts of the world to 18 percent of final energy demand from China. China's manufacturing industries play a dual role in the drive to improve energy intensity. First, they improve the energy efficiency of products they supply the Chinese market. And secondly, they reduce their energy intensity, increasing the added value of their products, improving the energy efficiency of their facilities. Local authorities react to EE C objectives, favoring intensive companies low energy in their jurisdiction. Continued efforts to deregulate energy prices will push manufacturers to further improve the efficiency of their operations. Although today the residential and commercial sectors are much smaller than the total consumption of China's energy industry, which are areas of rapid growth in demand. There is great potential for energy efficiency in these sectors and the government has sought to improve its efficiency for many years. Supervision and execution of these policies and programs is essential to reduce the rate of energy growth in these sectors.
'Primary energy mix of China includes: coal (73 percent), oil (21 percent), gas (4 percent), hydropower (3 percent) and nuclear (less than 1 percent ) large domestic coal resources and the high dependence of the economy on. That the fuel was a source of energy security. However, as it became a net oil importer in 1996, China's energy imports have risen steadily. "Recent programs have provided business incentives to produce efficient products for residential and commercial sectors, and the penalties for non-compliance with minimum energy performance standards.
One area where China has an unusually significant potential to reduce energy demand is among the institutions financed by the state. Energy consumption per unit area of these buildings is much higher than similar buildings offered in Europe and Japan. The program that emerged from this process include power monitoring of construction, renovation of buildings, better management of government vehicles and the purchase of energy efficient products. China adopted a variety of implementation strategies for its various geographical areas of energy efficiency.
A challenge that China faces in energy efficiency in residential and commercial areas is the need to improve the impending economic development without energy intensity. As illustrated analysis, increased revenue increases energy consumption in the residential sector. Energy efficiency, in particular as implemented by construction standards and products, offers a promising approach to improve energy intensity by increasing the competitiveness of domestic manufacturers.
The role of business is essential for improving energy efficiency. As for the government, a national control system of civil buildings will be required to strengthen the implementation of energy efficiency policies. It is therefore essential to keep the general public about the amount of energy can be saved by using energy efficient appliances and equipment.
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