During the 1980s,
America had much interest in the field of artificial intelligence. The
development of AIS aims to create new technologies that will provide solutions
to problems in the fields of electronics and heavy industry, agriculture,
energy and resource conservation, transportation ,
human health, public safety, national security and other areas.
At a conference in Buenos Aires in 1995, Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton) said: "These roads, or more specifically, distributed intelligence networks will allow- we share information, connect and communicate as a global community. From a historical standpoint, AIS has emerged over the last century, because of the evolution of human-machine systems, in which the functions of man and machine are inter-related to operations these systems. For example, a craftsman who operates a tour book, a driver and his car running, and workers and machinery at a power plant any form of human-machine systems. In a man-machine system, the human operator provides this purpose, management and integration. In the process of the evolution of human-machine systems, the role of men has decreased the role machines it operates. To perform routine functions, machines were increasingly equipped with control sub-systems and human-machine systems that result as the systems were "semi-automatic". Increasingly, many semi-automatic systems have been transformed into automated systems.
Thank
you to computer systems, a great change took place in many areas of technology
in recent decades. previous
machines had the role to perform the tasks that are given to them by humans. Today,
these machines are equipped with highly advanced programmable control systems
and various types of sensory devices, allowing them to perform many human
tasks, including creative problem solving. Meanwhile,
engineers and scientists working on bionic technology approach to create
machines that can perform human functions for the disabled. Consequently,
the prerequisites for the birth of artificial intelligence appeared.At a conference in Buenos Aires in 1995, Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton) said: "These roads, or more specifically, distributed intelligence networks will allow- we share information, connect and communicate as a global community. From a historical standpoint, AIS has emerged over the last century, because of the evolution of human-machine systems, in which the functions of man and machine are inter-related to operations these systems. For example, a craftsman who operates a tour book, a driver and his car running, and workers and machinery at a power plant any form of human-machine systems. In a man-machine system, the human operator provides this purpose, management and integration. In the process of the evolution of human-machine systems, the role of men has decreased the role machines it operates. To perform routine functions, machines were increasingly equipped with control sub-systems and human-machine systems that result as the systems were "semi-automatic". Increasingly, many semi-automatic systems have been transformed into automated systems.
Ray Kurzweil, in his very interesting book The Singularity is real, he found an appropriate metaphor to describe the spread of computer systems process. It is fair to say on artificial intelligence (AI) as well. In recent years, some artificial intelligence programs and systems have chosen human brain works successfully copied, and extended human cognitive and decision-making skills. Accordingly, some existing machines can now perform the functions of a human operator based on knowledge, but with better quality. The inventor of the programming language Lisp, John McCarthy, who also coined the term "artificial intelligence" in its proposal for the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, defines AI as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."
The term "intelligence" is derived from "intellectus" Latin and is defined as "the spirit, the power of the human spirit" According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, "intelligence" has several meanings:
The ability to learn or understand or cope with new or difficult situations: for example, the skilled use of reason or the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate the environment itself or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria
Information to an enemy or potential enemy or region; and an organization involved in obtaining this information
Mental acuity,
Eternal basic quality of the Divine Spirit (Christian Science)
The ability to perform a computer function
It makes sense to analyze the definition, "the ability to perform a function of the computer." At first glance, an executable computer program that performs the function of the computer (for example, calculation or writing text) has no intelligence. Based on our knowledge of computers, we can rely on "instinct" as a group of programs written in the genetic material such as DNA
When a worker performs his tasks automatically, it means he has in his brain "programs" required for automatic actions. congenital and acquired programs are all part of human intelligence, or intelligence. This also applies to an executable computer program. The program will cover part of the intelligence of its creators, translated into a language (code) that the machine comprises.
Therefore, executable computer program has some intelligence. Modern computer systems that can, for example, choose an optimal decision, or make a rational analysis of external influences that decision are intelligent systems. Historically, the term "intelligence" is linked to government agencies (agencies) dedicated to the collection of information for purposes of security and national defense, such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the United States. Today, the term has a broader meaning, with practical applications to real systems and products. AI methods include elements found in cybernetics, computer science, psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, operations research, economics, control theory and mathematics, among others. AI connects and overlaps with areas such as robotics, control systems, scheduling, data mining and logistics too.
Artificial intelligence systems are achieving the science of artificial intelligence. In other words, it could be called, "the application of artificial intelligence." The term "AI" is also used to describe an intelligence property new machines or programs. Many AI experts predict that by mid-century, intelligent machines will be all around us. Machines like robots have touch our lives. Automotive, electronics and aircraft are assembled and tested using several robotic machines. Almost all the machines around us are becoming "intelligent", with the help of intelligent applications. With the advanced computerized systems used in traffic control or production control, it is reasonable to keep the human capacity to solve the problems of congestion in real time. man-machine systems may exist with different levels of automation (manual for self-employed), and artificial intelligence systems can have varying degrees, from simple to very complex.
Today, many artificial intelligence applications are present in industry, business, medicine, automotive navigation, communication, military operations, exploration of space, and so on. The average person may have little or no knowledge of the current applications of AI, however, he finds the results of the AI often daily. For example, the amazing functionality of the machine every day, like a car, a sewing machine, cooking utensils, and the Internet, or the quality of television pictures, movies and telephone communications are all because of artificial intelligence systems is used in many common products of high technology.
0 komentar