Breast cancer is
the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death
after lung cancer in 1985. One woman in eight who lives to age 85 will develop
breast cancer at some point during their lifetime.
Currently, there are over 2 million women living in the US who have been treated for breast cancer. The risk of dying from breast cancer is 1 in 33. However, the death rate from breast cancer are going down. Breast cancer is not only a disease of women. The American Cancer Society estimates that 1,600 people develop the disease each year and about 400 may die of the disease.
The risk of breast cancer is higher among those who have a mother, aunt, sister
or grandmother who had breast cancer before age 50. If only a mother or sister
had breast cancer, your double risk. For women without a family history of
breast cancer, the risks are more difficult to identify. - The affected breast
nipple becomes inverted, rash, changes in skin texture, or have a discharge
other than breast milk.Currently, there are over 2 million women living in the US who have been treated for breast cancer. The risk of dying from breast cancer is 1 in 33. However, the death rate from breast cancer are going down. Breast cancer is not only a disease of women. The American Cancer Society estimates that 1,600 people develop the disease each year and about 400 may die of the disease.
Types and stages of breast cancer
There are many breast cancer varieties. DCIS is early breast cancer, who are confined within the duct system. Medullary carcinoma: This malignancy has 15 percent of breast cancers. Medullary carcinoma usually has a better prognosis than other types of breast cancer.
Infiltrating Lobular: Representing 15 percent of breast cancers, these lesions usually appear in the upper outer quadrant of the breast as a subtle thickening and are difficult to diagnose by mammography. Infiltrating lobular can involve both breasts (bilateral). Tubular carcinoma: This is described as orderly and well-differentiated breast carcinoma. These lesions are about two percent of breast cancers. Mucinous carcinoma: represents 1 to 2 percent of breast cancer and has a favorable prognosis. Breast cancer inflammatory This is a particularly aggressive form of breast cancer that is generally evidenced by changes in the breast skin, including redness (erythema), skin thickening and prominence of the hair follicles resembling a orange peel.
Breast Cancer
Stages
The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma. When cancer is found, special laboratory tests of the tissue are usually performed to learn more about cancer. For example, hormone receptor tests (estrogen and progesterone) can help determine whether hormones help cancer grow. If the test results show that hormones affect cancer growth (positive test result), cancer is likely to respond to hormone therapy. This therapy deprives the cancer cells of estrogen.
Sometimes breast tissue sample is controlled by a gene known as the receptor of the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2 gene) that is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence. Special examinations of bone, liver or lungs are made because the breast cancer can spread to these areas.
Phase based on the size of the tumor and whether the cancer has spread. A brief description of breast cancer stages and the most frequently used treatments for each phase.
The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma. When cancer is found, special laboratory tests of the tissue are usually performed to learn more about cancer. For example, hormone receptor tests (estrogen and progesterone) can help determine whether hormones help cancer grow. If the test results show that hormones affect cancer growth (positive test result), cancer is likely to respond to hormone therapy. This therapy deprives the cancer cells of estrogen.
Sometimes breast tissue sample is controlled by a gene known as the receptor of the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2 gene) that is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence. Special examinations of bone, liver or lungs are made because the breast cancer can spread to these areas.
Phase based on the size of the tumor and whether the cancer has spread. A brief description of breast cancer stages and the most frequently used treatments for each phase.
Stage 0
Stage 0 is sometimes called non-invasive carcinoma or carcinoma in situ. The treatment of LCIS is a drug called tamoxifen, which can reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. DCIS is also called ductal carcinoma. The abnormal cells are not spread beyond the pipe to invade the surrounding breast tissue. However, women with DCIS have an increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer. Some women with DCIS have breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy. Alternatively, they can choose to have a mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction (plastic surgery) to reconstruct the breast.
Stage 0 is sometimes called non-invasive carcinoma or carcinoma in situ. The treatment of LCIS is a drug called tamoxifen, which can reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. DCIS is also called ductal carcinoma. The abnormal cells are not spread beyond the pipe to invade the surrounding breast tissue. However, women with DCIS have an increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer. Some women with DCIS have breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy. Alternatively, they can choose to have a mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction (plastic surgery) to reconstruct the breast.
Phase I and II
Phase I and Phase II are early stages of breast cancer in which the cancer has spread beyond the lobe or duct and invaded nearby tissue.
Stage I means that the tumor is approximately one inch in diameter, the cancer cells have not spread beyond the breast.
Phase II of the following:
The breast tumor is less than 1 inch in diameter, the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes under the arm.
The treatment options for early stage breast cancer are breast sparing surgery followed by radiation therapy to the breast and mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction to rebuild the breast. These approaches are equally effective in breast cancer treatment at early stage. The choice of a conservative or mastectomy breast surgery depends primarily on the size and location of the tumor, the size of the breast, cancer of certain characteristics, and how to maintain the chest is felt. Chemotherapy and / or hormonal therapy after primary treatment with surgery or radiation therapy and surgery are recommended for Phase I and usually a breast cancer stage II. This added treatment is called adjuvant therapy. Systemic therapy sometimes given to shrink the tumor before surgery called neoadjuvant therapy. This is given to try to destroy any remaining cancer cells and prevent the cancer recurring, or coming back, chest or elsewhere.
Phase III
Phase III is also called locally advanced breast cancer. At this stage, the breast tumor may provide the following:
More than 2 inches in diameter and the cancer has spread to the axillary lymph nodes.
The cancer has spread to lymph nodes under the arm.
Cancer spreads to lymph nodes near the breastbone or to other tissues near the breast.
Inflammatory breast cancer is a type of locally advanced breast cancer. In such, breast look swollen and red (or inflamed) because cancer cells block the lymph vessels in the skin of the chest.
Patients with stage III breast cancer usually have a local treatment at the same time to remove or destroy breast cancer and systemic treatment to stop the spread of the disease. The local therapy may be surgery and / or radiation therapy to the breast and armpit.
Phase I and Phase II are early stages of breast cancer in which the cancer has spread beyond the lobe or duct and invaded nearby tissue.
Stage I means that the tumor is approximately one inch in diameter, the cancer cells have not spread beyond the breast.
Phase II of the following:
The breast tumor is less than 1 inch in diameter, the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes under the arm.
The treatment options for early stage breast cancer are breast sparing surgery followed by radiation therapy to the breast and mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction to rebuild the breast. These approaches are equally effective in breast cancer treatment at early stage. The choice of a conservative or mastectomy breast surgery depends primarily on the size and location of the tumor, the size of the breast, cancer of certain characteristics, and how to maintain the chest is felt. Chemotherapy and / or hormonal therapy after primary treatment with surgery or radiation therapy and surgery are recommended for Phase I and usually a breast cancer stage II. This added treatment is called adjuvant therapy. Systemic therapy sometimes given to shrink the tumor before surgery called neoadjuvant therapy. This is given to try to destroy any remaining cancer cells and prevent the cancer recurring, or coming back, chest or elsewhere.
Phase III
Phase III is also called locally advanced breast cancer. At this stage, the breast tumor may provide the following:
More than 2 inches in diameter and the cancer has spread to the axillary lymph nodes.
The cancer has spread to lymph nodes under the arm.
Cancer spreads to lymph nodes near the breastbone or to other tissues near the breast.
Inflammatory breast cancer is a type of locally advanced breast cancer. In such, breast look swollen and red (or inflamed) because cancer cells block the lymph vessels in the skin of the chest.
Patients with stage III breast cancer usually have a local treatment at the same time to remove or destroy breast cancer and systemic treatment to stop the spread of the disease. The local therapy may be surgery and / or radiation therapy to the breast and armpit.
IV Training
Phase IV is metastatic cancer. Cancer spread beyond the breast and armpit lymph nodes of the nodes to other parts of the body.
Treatments for breast cancer stage IV are chemotherapy and / or hormonal therapy to destroy cancer cells and control the disease. Patients may have surgery or radiotherapy to control breast cancer.
Recurrent cancerPhase IV is metastatic cancer. Cancer spread beyond the breast and armpit lymph nodes of the nodes to other parts of the body.
Treatments for breast cancer stage IV are chemotherapy and / or hormonal therapy to destroy cancer cells and control the disease. Patients may have surgery or radiotherapy to control breast cancer.
Recurrent cancer means the disease back despite initial treatment. Even when a tumor in the breast seems to have been completely removed or destroyed, the disease often returns because undetected cancer cells remained somewhere in the body after the treatment.
If the disease returns in another part of the body, recurrence is called metastatic breast cancer. The patient may have a form of treatment or combination of treatments for recurrent cancer.
For more information, see "Nine ways to reduce the risk of breast cancer" on this site.
Sources: National Cancer Institute; Centers for Disease Control
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