In
1610, Galileo discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter. They called
Callisto, Ganymede, Europa and Io. Galileo saw their
orbits around Jupiter. Jupiter
has sixty-three known satellites since 2004. This includes the four largest
Galilean moons and many smaller. Jupiter really slow - very
gradually - because of the moons of drag tide Galilean occur. The
same forces alter the orbits of the moons of Jupiter, the planet forcing more
and more distant.
Ganymede,
Europa and Io have almost synchronous orbits. Their orbits evolve together. The
Galileo spacecraft, which has been seeking more facts about Jupiter, discovered
that the planet has an intense radiation belt between the rings and the highest
levels of the atmosphere. Jupiter
has rings like Saturn, but they are much smaller and weaker. Since
then, the rings were photographed in infrared photography of the Earth, and by
Galileo.While the rings of Saturn are bright, Jupiter's rings are dark. Particles in Jupiter's rings do not stay there for long, because of the magnetic and atmospheric drag. Scientists do not know why Jupiter's rings are so dark while Saturn are so bright.
In July 1994, the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter, and the visual results were spectacular. Even with amateur telescopes, the effects were visible from Earth. When Jupiter is in the night sky as seen from Earth, it is often the "star" the brightest visible. Venus is brighter, but are not normally visible in a sky that is dark. The four Galilean moons are easily visible with binoculars. The great red spot of Jupiter and some bands can be seen with a small telescope.
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