What Is The Incidence Of Cancer, Diagnosis, Causes etc.

What is the Incidence of Cancer, Diagnosis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prognosis

 

Cancer is second only to cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death in the Western world. While cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly over 60% of cancer deaths occur in people over 65, cancer can strike even the youngest of children.

 

Cancer appears to occur when the growth of cells in the body is out of control and cells divide too quickly. Cancer can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as lung, colon, breast, skin, bone, or nervous tissue.

 

The most common sites are:

 

Prostrate 24%
Breast 13%
Lung 13%
Colon and rectum 9%
Bladder 3%
Uterus 2.5%

 

The cause of cancer is considered a combination of genetic factors and external carcinogens such as tobacco, viruses, infection, asbestos, vinyl chloride, a poor diet. Cancer often has no specific symptoms, it is important that you limit your risk factors and undergo appropriate cancer screening. Signs and Symptoms depend on where the cancer is the size of the cancer and how it affects the adjacent organs or structures.

 

If the spread of cancer (metastasis), then these symptoms can occur in different parts of the body. As the cancer grows, it starts growing nearby organs, blood vessels and nerves. If the cancer is in a critical area, such as parts of the brain, even the smallest tumor can cause early symptoms. But sometimes cancers start in places where they cause no symptoms until the cancer has grown quite large growth. At the time of pancreatic cancer makes these signs or symptoms, which usually reaches an advanced stage.

 

Cancer may also cause other symptoms common to many problems, such as fever, fatigue and weight loss. Some lung cancers are hormone-like substances that affect calcium levels in the blood, affecting the nerves and muscles and causing weakness and dizziness. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. The earlier cancer is detected, the better the prognosis.

 

A good example of the importance of finding cancer early is melanoma skin cancer. The breast mammography cancer screening has been shown to reduce the average stage breast cancer diagnosis in a population. Colorectal cancer can be detected by blood tests for fecal occult stool and colonoscopy, which reduces the incidence of colon cancer and mortality, presumably through the detection and removal of precancerous polyps. Testicular self-examination is recommended for men beginning at age 15 to detect testicular cancer.

 

Signs and symptoms

 

The pain may be an early symptom of some cancers such as cancers and testicular cancer bone.

 

Long-term constipation, diarrhea, or a change in the size of the stool may be a signal of colon cancer.

 

Skin cancers may bleed and look like sores that do not heal.

 

Sores on the penis or vagina may be signs of infection or an early cancer, and should not be overlooked.

 

Abnormal bleeding can occur at any early or advanced cancer.

 

Blood in the sputum (phlegm) may be a sign of lung cancer.

 

Blood in stool (or black or black stool) could be a sign of colon or rectal cancer.

 

Blood in the urine can be a sign of bladder or kidney cancer.

 

Bloody discharge from the nipple may be a sign of breast cancer.

 

Many cancers can be felt through the skin, mainly in breast, testis, lymph nodes (glands), and soft tissues of the body. A lump or thickening may be an early sign of cancer or late.

 

A cough that does not go away can be a sign of lung cancer.

 

A cancer may be suspected for a variety of reasons, but the definitive diagnosis of most malignancies must be confirmed by histological examination of the cancer cells by a pathologist.

 

TREATMENT

 

Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Radiation therapy may be used to treat almost every type of solid tumor, including cancers of the brain, breast, cervix, larynx, lung, pancreas, prostate, skin, stomach, uterus or soft tissue sarcomas. Most forms of chemotherapy reach all cells that divide rapidly and are not specific for cancer cells, although some degree of specificity may result from the inability of many cancer cells to repair DNA damage, while normal cells can by general.

 

Modern methods for generating an immune response against tumors include intravesical BCG immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer, and the use of interferons and other cytokines to induce an immune response in patients with carcinoma kidney cells and melanoma. Drugs against pain such as morphine and oxycodone, and antiemetics, drugs to suppress nausea and vomiting, are widely used in patients with symptoms related to cancer. Advances in cancer research have made a vaccine intended to prevent cancer available. The vaccine protects against four types of HPV that cause for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts.

 

The consensus on diet and cancer is that obesity increases the risk of developing cancer.