The radiation dose to tumors was based on information obtained through clinical research. The dosage for the treatment of radiation therapy against prostate cancer is calculated rad or gray. A rad, or radiation absorbed dose is a unit of measurement indicating the radiation dose absorbed by ionizing tissue. The gray equals 100 rads. The volume of irradiated tissue, including tumor and the smallest possible amount of surrounding normal tissues. Ports are body parts or areas through which radiation is directed towards the tumor. Skin describing the Port field or treatment is labeled using various dyes or inks. Another approach to excessive radiation sparing normal tissues is to use alternative input ports for delivery of treatment. The treatment can be performed from directions ventral, dorsal, lateral or oblique such that normal tissue can be spared.
The number and frequency of treatments based on tumor lethal dose of radiation or the amount of radiation required to destroy the cells of a particular type of tumor. This amount of radiation administered in a single dose would be detrimental to the patient's health and receiving treatment would be the most effective approach. Thus, the lethal dose of the tumor is divided and administered in smaller doses administered on a regular basis. Divide the treatments promote the repair of normal cells damaged by radiation and also increases the therapeutic response of the tumor to treatment. As the cells are destroyed, and reduces tumor size of more oxygen to the other cells are delivered. The tumor decreased in size, the cell cycle is stimulated, and the growth is increased. As noted above, radiation therapy is most effective with an optimal level of oxygen, and when the cells are rapidly dividing.
Pre-existing disease and poor nutrition can worsen the side effects of radiotherapy. The radiation site also affects the physiological state.
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